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TLR-mediated activation of the innate immune cells enhances their endocannabinoid levels . In the absence of an infection, tissue damage produces DAMPs perceived as danger signals via TLRs to activate innate immune cells. Indeed, local endocannabinoid production increases in response to tissue damage during disease progression and infections . Abundant evidence demonstrates that cannabinoids have anti-inflammatory activity, which is the desired consequence during sterile inflammation. Considering that 2-arachidonyl glycerol behaves as a chemoattractant , locally enhanced endocannabinoid levels may recruit immune cells to the site and mitigate further tissue damage.
Innate immune cells express cannabinoid receptors and produce endogenous cannabinoids. Hence, innate immune cells may play a role in regulating endocannabinoid homeostasis, and, in turn, the endocannabinoid system modulates local inflammatory responses. Studies designed to probe the interaction between the innate immune system and the endocannabinoid system may identify new potential molecular targets in developing therapeutic strategies for chronic inflammatory diseases. This review discusses the endocannabinoid system and Toll-like receptor family and evaluates the interaction between them.
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When the immune system encounters a pathogen, innate immune cells recognize the pathogen via TLRs and other pattern-recognition receptors to trigger an inflammatory response. Innate immune cells are an important source of endocannabinoids, and these cells synthesize and metabolize endocannabinoids.
When you consume cannabis in any of its forms you are introducing cannabinoids into your system. Cannabinoids like THC and CBD bind to the receptors of the endocannabinoid systems throughout your body, influencing many different bodily functions. The relationship between cannabinoids and your endocannabinoid system is the reason humans and animals alike experience the effects of cannabis.
Thus, innate immune cells may play a role in regulating endocannabinoid homeostasis, and, in turn, the endocannabinoid system modulates local inflammation. TLR signals also alter cannabinoid receptor expression by innate immune cells, which affects their sensitivity to cannabinoids. During progression of an inflammatory disease, cells may become refractory to cannabinoid immune suppression despite elevated endocannabinoid levels, and the inflammatory response continues and may intensify. Therefore, the final outcome CBD oil may be enhanced clearance of an infection, facilitation of tissue healing, or exacerbation of tissue damage. Although definition of the link between cannabinoid and TLR signaling pathways awaits further studies, identification of promising molecular targets may provide insights into therapeutic modalities to control injurious inflammation.
Abundant evidence indicates that cannabinoids modulate immune responses. An inflammatory response is triggered when innate immune cells receive a danger signal provided by pathogen- or damage-associated molecular patterns engaging pattern-recognition receptors. Toll-like receptor family members are prominent pattern-recognition receptors expressed on innate immune cells. Cannabinoids suppress Toll-like receptor-mediated inflammatory responses. However, the relationship between the endocannabinoid system and innate immune system may not be one-sided.
- Phytocannabinoids are plant-based cannabinoids, like CBD or cannabidiol, that are compounds from the cannabis sativa or hemp plants.
- Nevertheless, the beneficial health effects of cannabinoids, for the most part, remain empirical and anecdotal.
- Simply put, when you take in phytocannabinoids you actually support and enhance the natural process your body is already generating within the ECS.
- It is in this way that the cannabinoids like CBD, THC, CBG, CBDV and other cannabinoids, provide the variety of benefits to the body when ingested.
- These cannabinoids actually, in some ways, mimic the endocannabinoids produced by the body.
- This means that when introduced into the body, the phytocannabinoids either directly or indirectly stimulate the receptors of the Endocannabinoid System.
Understanding the endocannabinoid system is a vital part of utilizing cannabis to its fullest potential as a medicine. As we discussed earlier, the endocannabinoid system works to support and maintain homeostasis by combining cannabinoids with cannabinoid receptors which are located throughout our bodies. Without this vital system, your body would very quickly lose its ability to balance immune response, which could result in a wide variety of different complications. Besides just making hemp and marijuana smell and taste good, terpenes also play an important role in the way cannabis interacts with our bodies.